ring Muhammad's lifetime, Islam spread to all corners of the Arabian Peninsula, bringing all the tribes together under one banner of faith. In the years following his death, the Muslim world was led by a series of caliphs and dynasties. During its Golden Years, Islam emerged as a great world civilization, flourishing in the Middle East and giving rise to Muslim Spain and the Ottoman Empire. Now there are several dozen independent nations with Muslim populations and governments.
Death of the Prophet
The Rightly Guided Successors